Preheat oven to 350°F and prepare a 9×5-inch loaf pan with parchment paper (or just grease it well).
In a medium size bowl, whisk together the flour, poppy seeds, baking powder, and sea salt.
In a large bowl, beat the butter and sugar together with an electric mixer on medium speed until light and fluffy, about 2 minutes.
Add the eggs one at a time, mixing until just combined. Then add the lemon zest, lemon juice, and vanilla extract.
Alternate adding the dry ingredients and buttermilk (or milk), mixing until just combined.
Pour the batter into the loaf pan and bake 45-50 minutes until the top is very lightly browned and a toothpick inserted in the center comes out clean. The top will often crack open during baking.
Let the loaf cool in the pan for 10 minutes before removing it and transferring to a wire rack to cool completely.
While the loaf is cooling whisk the powdered sugar and lemon juice together until smooth. Drizzle over the top of the loaf once cooled. Allow the glaze to set up for a few minutes before slicing and serving.
Store loaf in an airtight container for 3-4 days or freeze for up to 3 months.
Notes
Fresh lemon zest provides the strongest citrus flavor.
Do not overmix the batter or the loaf can become dense.
The loaf tastes even better the next day once the lemon flavor deepens as it sits.